# python flask项目部署到服务器上,并制作docker镜像 ### 部署python web项目到服务器（使用docker） > **参考 : https://blog.51cto.com/fish/6023519** #### (一)创建虚拟环境 创建目录 mkdir mytest cd mytest [root@python mytest]# pwd /root/mytest 创建虚拟环境 [root@python mytest]# python3 -m venv myvenv 激活虚拟环境 [root@python mytest]# source myvenv/bin/activate 一旦激活虚拟环境后,将进入到该虚拟环境下的shell界面,如下: (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 307 Mar 31 13:26 Dockerfile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Mar 31 13:38 gunicorn.conf.py drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Mar 31 11:45 myvenv -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 261 Mar 31 13:03 requirements.txt (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# #### (二)创建flask项目 > 在文件夹mytest下，创建一个demo.py启动文件 from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def hello(): return 'hello docker & flask & 爱看书的小沐.' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True) > 在该环境下执行demo.py文件, 由于没有flask环境将报错 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python demo.py ... 安装flask (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python install flask ... 再次运行demo.py (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# python demo.py * Serving Flask app 'demo' (lazy loading) * Environment: production WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. Use a production WSGI server instead. * Debug mode: on * Running on all addresses. WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. * Running on http://10.0.0.101:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit) * Restarting with stat * Debugger is active! * Debugger PIN: 128-311-800 监听5000端口,可以正常跑起来 #### (三)安装 [gunicorn](https://so.csdn.net/so/search?q=gunicorn&spm=1001.2101.3001.7020) gevent, 提高性能 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# pip install gunicorn gevent flask 在mytest目录下创建gunicorn.conf.py配置文件 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# vim gunicorn.conf.py 文件内容如下: workers = 5 # 定义同时开启的处理请求的进程数量，根据网站流量适当调整 worker_class = "gevent" # 采用gevent库，支持异步处理请求，提高吞吐量 bind = "0.0.0.0:5000" #端口随便写，但是注意是否已经被占用。netstap -lntp > 启动gunicorn,如下 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# gunicorn demo:app -c gunicorn.conf.py [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:3000 (58874) [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58874] [INFO] Using worker: gevent [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58877] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58877 [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58878] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58878 [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58879] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58879 [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58880] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58880 [2023-03-31 14:08:57 +0800] [58881] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 58881 #### (四)将项目部署到docker上 > **(1)** 执行如下命令, 生成python项目所依赖的包文件, 将其写入到requirements.txt文件中 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# pip freeze > requirements.txt (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# ll total 16 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 282 Mar 31 13:38 gunicorn.conf.py drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Mar 31 11:45 myvenv drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 69 Mar 31 14:08 __pycache__ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 261 Mar 31 13:03 requirements.txt (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# cat requirements.txt click==8.0.4 dataclasses==0.8 Flask==2.0.3 gevent==22.10.2 greenlet==2.0.2 gunicorn==20.1.0 importlib-metadata==4.8.3 itsdangerous==2.0.1 Jinja2==3.0.3 MarkupSafe==2.0.1 typing_extensions==4.1.1 Werkzeug==2.0.3 zipp==3.6.0 zope.event==4.6 zope.interface==5.5.2 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# > **(2)** 创建Dockerfile文件, 用于构建自己的镜像 (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# vim Dockerfile (myvenv) [root@python mytest]# cat Dockerfile FROM python:3.8 WORKDIR /project/ COPY requirements.txt ./ RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple #将当前所有文件拷贝到要制作的docker镜像中 COPY . . CMD ["gunicorn", "demo:app", "-c", "./gunicorn.conf.py"] > **(3)** 配置docker镜像加速地址 [root@python mytest]# mkdir -p /etc/docker [root@python mytest]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": [ "https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://registry.docker-cn.com", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ] } EOF [root@python mytest]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "registry-mirrors": [ "https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com", "https://registry.docker-cn.com", "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ] } [root@python mytest]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@python mytest]# systemctl restart docker 验证配置是否生效 [root@python mytest]# docker info Client: Context: default Debug Mode: false Plugins: buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.) Version: v0.10.4 Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.) Version: v2.17.2 Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc.) Version: v0.23.0 Path: /usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins/docker-scan Server: Containers: 5 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 5 Images: 3 Server Version: 23.0.2 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Using metacopy: false Native Overlay Diff: true userxattr: false Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Cgroup Version: 1 Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 1e1ea6e986c6c86565bc33d52e34b81b3e2bc71f runc version: v1.1.4-0-g5fd4c4d init version: de40ad0 Security Options: seccomp Profile: builtin Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.934GiB Name: python ID: IP2S:J2XT:35RB:KK7O:HFQ5:FMME:HNT2:LYFR:74GT:7CWE:GXGM:446B Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: https://o6ul5754.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ https://registry.docker-cn.com/ http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/ https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ Live Restore Enabled: false > **(4)** 制作docker镜像 [root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.0 . [+] Building 18.5s (12/12) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 406B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8 0.2s => [1/7] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8@sha256:4c4e6735f46e7727965d1523015874ab08f71377b3536b8789ee5742fc737059 0.0s => [internal] load build context 0.2s => => transferring context: 370.95kB 0.2s => CACHED [2/7] WORKDIR /project/ 0.0s => CACHED [3/7] COPY requirements.txt ./ 0.0s => CACHED [4/7] RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip 0.0s => [5/7] RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8 2.3s => [6/7] RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 12.5s => [7/7] COPY . . 2.2s => exporting to image 1.2s => => exporting layers 1.1s => => writing image sha256:4afe28f18625b8bf5cdcb9785d158e9917561d1d6de1367e71bf4fa3d40fc407 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/myapp:1.0 0.0s [root@python mytest]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 59 minutes ago 1.01GB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB > **(5)** 运行该镜像成docker容器 [root@python mytest]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 myapp:1.0 a91f1d816659e5abcd74a34d4bfc2a049a60c98d0a797a49202a7cc83bbc0778 [root@python mytest]# > 浏览器访问 http://10.0.0.101:5000 页面可以正常访问并获取到数据 > **(6)** 如果修改代码, 需要重新制作该镜像文件, 例如修改demo.py文件如下 from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) @app.route('/') def hello(): return 'hello docker 666' if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="0.0.0.0", debug=True, threaded=True) > 同时修改端口5000为3000; 重新制作docker镜像文件 [root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.1 . # 这次打的标签tag版本为1.1 [root@python mytest]# docker build -t myapp:1.1 . [+] Building 16.6s (12/12) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 406B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/python:3.8 15.2s => [1/7] FROM docker.io/library/python:3.8@sha256:4c4e6735f46e7727965d1523015874ab08f71377b3536b8789ee5742fc737059 0.0s => [internal] load build context 0.2s => => transferring context: 370.93kB 0.2s => CACHED [2/7] WORKDIR /project/ 0.0s => CACHED [3/7] COPY requirements.txt ./ 0.0s => CACHED [4/7] RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip 0.0s => CACHED [5/7] RUN pip install --ignore-requires-python dataclasses==0.8 0.0s => CACHED [6/7] RUN pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple 0.0s => [7/7] COPY . . 0.7s => exporting to image 0.5s => => exporting layers 0.5s => => writing image sha256:c7df86df2dd926af25bf4194e18abbd5af873ef25ba0ed5c5cbf686d8f2df62d 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/library/myapp:1.1 0.0s [root@python mytest]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE myapp 1.1 c7df86df2dd9 7 seconds ago 1.01GB myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 11 minutes ago 1.01GB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB [root@python mytest]# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 myapp:1.1 254176fcad70aebde1bb80b120b7b1f715ea1c67ce2a4d3e949b5be1bec13abc [root@python mytest]# > 再次访问 http://10.0.0.101:3000 已经正常访问 #### (五) 保存镜像文件到指定目录下 查看当前镜像 [root@python mytest]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE check_tools 1.4 1175ff06f5c3 21 hours ago 1.06GB check_tools 1.3 908c5ec78290 22 hours ago 1.04GB check_tools 1.2 c584b78ae39d 22 hours ago 1.04GB check_tools 1.1 770dd461a2cf 22 hours ago 1.04GB check_tools 1.0 2692e79d33a2 6 days ago 1.01GB myapp 1.1 c7df86df2dd9 7 days ago 1.01GB myapp 1.0 4afe28f18625 7 days ago 1.01GB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 18 months ago 13.3kB 保存镜像到指定目录下 [root@python mytest]# docker save 1175ff06f5c3>/root/check_tools.tar #check_tools.tar为打包的文件 查看保存的镜像文件 check_tools.tar [root@python mytest]# ll /root/ total 1075124 -rw-------. 1 root root 1650 Oct 22 2020 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1083920896 Apr 6 16:10 check_tools.tar drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 140 Apr 7 13:16 mytest drwxr-xr-x. 17 501 501 4096 Jan 12 2021 Python-3.6.4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16992824 Jan 12 2021 Python-3.6.4.tar.xz drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 66 Jan 20 2021 test drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 21 Jan 20 2021 virtualenv_1 [root@python mytest]# #### (六) 在另一台主机上加载镜像文件 > 将上述步骤生成的`check_tools.tar`文件拷贝到另一台机器上进行加载 [root@localhost ~]# docker load < check_tools.tar # check_tools.tar 为文件名称 查看镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE check_tools 1.4 1175ff06f5c3 21 hours ago 1.06GB [root@localhost ~]# 后台启动该镜像服务 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 3000:3000 check_tools:1.4 22870b5ee2f07c2faf85b9f29bbec078355b9dd510154abb6a2f299a0078792d [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 22870b5ee2f0 check_tools:1.4 "gunicorn check_tool…" 35 seconds ago Up 34 seconds 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp, :::3000->3000/tcp flamboyant_keller [root@localhost ~]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7037/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14811/docker-proxy tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7125/master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 7037/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::3000 :::* LISTEN 14815/docker-proxy tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 7125/master udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 0.0.0.0:* 6325/chronyd udp6 0 0 ::1:323 :::* 6325/chronyd [root@localhost ~]# #### (七)逻辑卷映射 > 为避免每次修改代码后, 都要重新制作镜像文件, 采用逻辑卷映射: 将宿主机的某个目录映射到镜像文件中的某个目录, 以后只需要宿主机中的对应文件就可以 逻辑卷映射 check_tool_data [root@python mytest]# docker run -p 3000:3000 -v check_tool_data:/project/ check_tools:1.7 [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0 [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:3000 (1) [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [1] [INFO] Using worker: gevent [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [8] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 8 [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [9] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 9 [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [10] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 10 [2023-04-07 07:14:49 +0000] [11] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 11 [2023-04-07 07:14:50 +0000] [12] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 12 ^C[2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [1] [INFO] Handling signal: int [2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [8] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 8) [2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [9] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 9) [2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [12] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 12) [2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [11] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 11) [2023-04-07 07:17:02 +0000] [10] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 10) [2023-04-07 07:17:03 +0000] [1] [INFO] Shutting down: Master 查找逻辑卷位置 [root@python mytest]# find / -name check_tool_data /var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data [root@python mytest]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data [root@python _data]# ll total 24 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7112 Apr 6 16:03 check_tools.py -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 222 Mar 31 11:14 demo.py -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 389 Apr 6 16:04 Dockerfile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 281 Apr 6 15:27 gunicorn.conf.py drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 71 Apr 7 15:14 json_file drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 100 Apr 7 15:14 myvenv drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 76 Apr 7 15:14 __pycache__ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 280 Apr 6 15:39 requirements.txt [root@python _data]# > 之后只需要修改 `/var/lib/docker/volumes/check_tool_data/check_tools.py`文件就可以了, 修改代码重新启动容器就可以加载到修改后的代码了 > > [root@python mytest]# docker run -p 3000:3000 -v check_tool_data:/project/ check_tools:1.7 > 您可